Hika langhtermi bantuk cement sehzung hna hi khuacaan a lumtertu carbon dioxide a chuahtertu bik an si. Asinain mah thil thurhnawm cheukhat cu meihol phun thar ah thlen khawh an si. Mah chiti cu kum hra chung asiloah a sau deuh tiang him tein chiah khawh a si.
Hihi khuacaan thlennak a zorter khomi, a hnahnawhnak a zorter khomi, asiloah rang tukin aa thlengmi vawlei he aa tlaiin khuami hna nih an tei khawh nakhnga bawmtu thiamnak thar le tuahsernak hna zoh in tuanbia dang pakhat a si.
A tlangpi in a ummi greenhouse gas a simi carbon dioxide (CO2) a chuahtertu cawlcanghnak nih vawlei thli lumternak ah a bawmh. Thli chungin CO2 chuah i chiah timi ruahnak cu a thar a si lo. Asinain tuah a har, a hlei in mi nih an cawk khawh tikah. System thar nih CO2 thurhnawmhnak kong kha aa dang deuhmi lam in a tawlrel. Khuacaan a lumtertu gas kha chemical in meihol ah a thlen.
November 15 ah, Cambridge um Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in hlathlaitu hna nih an hmuhmi thil thar cu Cell Reports Physical Science timi mekazin ah an chuah.
An system thar cu tthen hnih ah tthen a si. A hmasa bik ah thli chungin carbon dioxide kha formate timi molecule ah thlen in meihol chuah aa tel. Carbon dioxide bantuk in, formate ah hin carbon atom pakhat le oxygen atom pahnih, cun hydrogen atom pakhat aa tel. Formate ah hin a dang thilri zeimawzat zong aa tel. Hlathlainak thar nih hin sodium asiloah potassium in chuahmi formate chiti kha a hman.
Meihol cell tam deuh cu hydrogen in an kal, meikhu a chuahter khomi gas a si i kalpi awkah pipeline le pressured tank a herh. Sihmanhsehlaw, meihol cell pawl cu formate cung zongah an kal kho. Formate nih hin hydrogen he tahchunh khawhmi thazaang a ngei, tiah Li Ju, thilri lei mifim nih a chim ning ahcun, hi system thar sernak ah a hruaitu a si. Formate nih hin hydrogen nakin thatnak cheukhat a ngei, tiah Li Ju nih a chim. A him deuh i a fakmi chiahnak a herh lo.
MIT i hlathlaitu hna nih carbon dioxide in an chuahmi formate hneksaknak caah fuel cell an ser. Pakhatnak ah cite kha ti he an cawh. Cu cawhmi cu meihol cell chungah an luhter. Fuel cell chung ah, formate nih chemical reaction ah electron a chuahter. Hi electron pawl cu meihol cell i a ṭhalomi electrode in a ṭhami electrode ah an luang i, electric circuit pakhat an lim. Hi a luangmi electron pawl—electric mei—cu hneksaknak tuah lio ah suimilam 200 chung an um.
MIT ah Li he rian a ttuanmi thilri lei mifim Zhen Zhang nih a team nih kum hra chung ah thiamnak thar hi an tthanchoter khawh lai tiah ruahchannak a ngei.
MIT hlathlainak phu nih carbon dioxide kha meihol chuahnak caah a biapimi thilri ah thlennak caah chemical lam an hman. Pakhatnak ah, a alkaline tukmi cawhnuk ah an chiah. Annih nih sodium hydroxide (NaOH) kha an thim, a tlangpi in lye tiah theih a si. Mah nih hin sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) a chuahtertu chemical reaction a chuahter, cu cu baking soda tiah theih deuh a si.
Cun mei an on. Electric thazaang nih chemical thlennak thar a chuahter i cu nih cun baking soda molecule chung i oxygen atom vialte kha a ṭhen dih hna i sodium formate (NaCHO2) kha a chiahtak hna. An system nih CO2 chung i carbon vialte — 96% nak tam — kha hi chiti ah a thlen dih.
Oxygen chuah khawhnak ding caah a herhmi thazaang cu formate chemical pehtlaihnak ah chiah a si. Professor Li nih a chimmi cu formate nih hi thazaang hi kum hra chung a chiah khawh i a chuak khomi thazaang a sungh lo. Cu hnu ah meihol cell chungin a kal tikah electric mei a chuahter. Formate chuahnak caah hmanmi mei thazaang cu ni ceunak, thli asiloah ti in mei thazaang in a rami a si ahcun, meihol cell nih a chuahmi mei thazaang cu a thiangmi thazaang hrampi a si lai.
Technology thar tthanchoter awkah, Lee nih, "lye timi vawlei cung thilri tampi kan kawl a hau," tiah a ti. Alkali basalt (AL-kuh-lye buh-SALT) timi lung phunkhat kha a hlathlai. Ti he cawh tikah, hi lung hna cu lye ah an i cang.
Farzan Kazemifar cu California um San Jose State University ah engineer a ttuanmi a si. A hlathlainak nih vawlei tang chiti sernak ah carbon dioxide chiahnak kong kha a biapi in a chiah. Thli chungin carbon dioxide chuah cu a har zungzal caah a man a fak, tiah a ti. Cucaah CO2 kha formate bantuk hman khawhmi thilri ah thlen cu a hlawk. Thilri man nih thilchuah man kha a tlawmter khawh.
Thli chungin carbon dioxide tlaih khawhnak ding caah hlathlainak tampi a um cang. Tahchunhnak ah, Lehigh University i scientist phu pakhat nih naite ah thli chungin carbon dioxide thletnak le baking soda ah thlennak lam dang pakhat an langhter. Hlathlainak phu dang hna nih CO2 cu lung ttha ah an chiah, a fekmi carbon ah an thlen i cu cu ethanol, zu meihol ah an ser khawh. Hi project tam deuh cu a hmete an si i thli chung i carbon dioxide a tammi zorternak ah tthatnak tampi an chuahpi rih lo.
Hi hmanthlak nih hin carbon dioxide in a kalmi inn pakhat a langhter. Hika ah langhtermi thilri nih carbon dioxide (a senmi le a rangmi bubble chung i a ummi molecule pawl) kha formate (a sen, a senmi, a rangmi le a senmi bubble) timi chiti ah a thlen. Mah chiti cu mei thazaang chuahnak caah meihol cell ah hman khawh a si.
Kazemifar nih kan thimnak tha bik cu “greenhouse gas chuahmi tlawmter hmasa” hi a si tiah a ti. Cutin tuah khawhnak lam pakhat cu thli asiloah ni ceunak bantuk tharchuah khawhmi thazaang chuahnak in thil hlun hna kha thlen a si. Mah cu scientist pawl nih “decarbonization” tiah an timi thlennak ah aa telmi a si. Asinain khuacaan thlennak ngolter awkah lam phunphun a herh lai tiah a chimchap. Hi thiamnak thar hi decarbonize tuah a harmi hmun hna ah carbon tlaih khawhnak ding caah a herh, tiah a ti. Tahchunhnak pahnih chim awkah thir sernak sehzung le cement sehzung hna kha lak hna.
MIT phu nih an thiamnak thar cu ni ceunak le thli thazaang he fonh in hlawknak an hmuh ve. Hlanlio battery pawl cu zarh tampi chung thazaang chiah khawhnak ding caah sermi an si. Khuasik ni ceunak kha khuasik chung asiloah a sau deuh chiahnak nih lam dang a herh. “Formate meihol he cun,” tiah Lee nih a ti, caan thlennak hmanh ah rikhiah na si ti lo. "Chankhat hnu chankhat a si kho."
Sui bantukin a ceu men lai lo, asinain “Ka fapa le ka fanu hna sinah formate ton 200... ro caah ka chiah khawh hna,” tiah Lee nih a ti.
Alkaline: Cawhmi ah hydroxide ions (OH-) a sertu chemical thilri a langhtermi biafang. Hi cawhmi hna hi alkaline (acidic he aa ralchanh in) tiah auhmi zong an si i pH 7 nak tam deuh an ngei.
Aquifer: Vawlei tang ti chiahnak hmun a tlaih khomi lungpi. Mah biafang cu vawlei tang tidil hna zong ah a hman.
Basalt: Meitlang lungvar sen a si i a tlangpi in a tlawm tuk (meitlang puahnak nih a chung ah gas tampi a chiah lo ahcun).
pehtlaihnak: (chemistry ah) molecule chung i atom (asiloah atom phu) karlak ah a hmunmi pehtlaihnak. Aa telmi atom karlak i hnuh khawhnak thazaang nih a sermi a si. Pehtlaihnak an ser hnu ah, atom pawl cu pakhat bantukin rian an ttuan. Aa telmi atom pawl tthen awkah, lumnak asiloah a dang ceunak phun in thazaang kha molecule pawl sinah pek a hau.
Carbon: Vawlei cung nunnak vialte hrampi a simi chemical thilri pakhat. Carbon cu graphite le diamond bantuk in zalong tein a um. Lungmeihol, limestone le petroleum ah a biapi tukmi a si i, chemical lei in amah tein aa pehtlaih khawh i chemical, biological le chawlehnak caah man a ngeimi molecule phunphun a ser khawh. (Khuacaan hlathlainak ah) Carbon timi biafang cu a caancaan ah carbon dioxide he aa thleng lengmang in hman a si i, tuahsernak, thilchuak, phunglam, asiloah thil kalning nih caan saupi thli lumternak ah a chuahpi khawhmi hnahnawhnak kha a chim duhmi a si.
Carbon dioxide: (asiloah CO2) cu saram vialte nih an thawchuahmi oxygen le an ei mi carbon a tammi rawl he an i pehtlaih tikah an chuahmi rong a ngei lomi, rim a ngei lomi thli a si. Carbon dioxide zong cu thilnung thilri, chiti asiloah natural gas tibantuk thilnung hna an khangh tikah a chuak. Carbon dioxide cu vawlei thli chung i lumnak a tlaihmi greenhouse gas a si. Thingkung nih carbon dioxide cu photosynthesis hmangin oxygen ah an thlen i mah thil kalning kha anmah tein rawl sernak ah an hman.
Cement: Thilri pahnih fonh khawhnak caah hmanmi thilri, a fekmi thil ah a cantertu, asiloah thilri pahnih fonh khawhnak caah hmanmi a thukmi hri. (Construction) Concrete sernak caah thetse asiloah lung cawhmi fonh awkah hmanmi thilri ttha tein cawhmi. Cement cu a tlangpi in vutcam in ser a si. Asinain a lum hnu ahcun, a ro tikah a harmi vutcam ah aa cang.
Chemical: Atom pahnih asiloah a tam deuh fonhmi (aa pehtlaimi) in aa khatmi zat le dirhmun ah sermi thil. Tahchunhnak ah, ti cu oxygen atom pakhat he aa pehtlaimi hydrogen atom pahnih in sermi chemical thilri a si. A chemical formula cu H2O a si. “Chemical” timi cu thilri phunphun karlak i pehtlaihnak phunphun in a chuakmi thil pakhatkhat sining langhternak caah minfang pakhat in hman khawh a si.
Chemical bond: Atoms karlak i hnuh khawhnak thazaang cu aa pehtlaimi thilri hna kha pakhat bantukin rian a ttuan khawhnak ding caah a tthawngmi a si. Cheukhat hnuh khawhnak cu a der, cheukhat cu a tthawng. Pehtlaihnak vialte nih atom pawl kha electron pawl i hrawm (asiloah i hrawm i zuam) in an pehtlaih hna.
Chemical reaction: Thil pakhatkhat a muisam (tahchunhnak ah, a fekmi in gas ah) thlennak nakin a molecule asiloah a dirhmun remh ṭhannak aa telmi thil sining.
Chemistry: thilri hna i an i fonhning, an sining, an sining le an i pehtlaihnak kong a hlathlaimi science zung. Scientist pawl nih mah hngalhnak kha an hngalh lomi thilri pawl hlathlainak caah, a ṭhami thilri tampi chuah ṭhannak caah asiloah a ṭhami thilri thar suaisamnak le sernak caah an hman. (chemical compound) Chemistry nih hin compound pakhatkhat i a sining, a sernak lam, asiloah a sining cheukhat zong a chim duhmi a si. Hi rian a ttuanmi hna cu chemist tiah an auh hna. (social sciences ah) mi hna nih riantuan tti khawhnak, i rem khawhnak le pakhat le pakhat i nuamh khawhnak.
Khuacaan thlennak: Vawlei cung khuacaan ah a biapimi, caan saupi a raumi thlennak. Mah cu amah tein a cang kho asiloah minung cawlcanghnak ruangah a cang kho, cu ah cun thil hlun meihol khanghnak le ramlak hlonhnak hna aa tel.
Decarbonization: nih hin carbon dioxide le methane tibantuk carbon-based greenhouse gas a chuahtertu thiamnak, cawlcanghnak le thazaang chuahnak in timhcia tein thlennak kha a chim duhmi a si. A hmuitinh cu khuacaan thlennak a chuahtertu carbon gas tlawmter kha a si.
Electric: Electric thazaang a luannak, a tlangpi in electron tiah auhmi a ttha lomi thazaang a ngeimi thil hme tete cawlcanghnak in a chuakmi.
Electron: atom lenglei hmun a vel tawnmi a ttha lomi charge a ngeimi thil hme tete; thilri chung i electric thazaang a phurtu zong a si.
Engineer: Science le Mathematics hmangin buaibainak a tawlreltu. Verb bantuk in hman tikah, engineer timi biafang nih hin thilri, thilri, asiloah thil kalning pakhatkhat kha buaibainak asiloah a tlin lomi herhmi tawlrelnak caah suaisam kha a chim duhmi a si.
Ethanol: Zu, ethyl alcohol tiah auhmi zong a si, cucu zu, zu le zu tibantuk zu hna caah hrampi a si. Cun, thlennak le meihol ah hman a si (tahchunhnak ah, gasoline he cawh tawn).
Filter: (n.) Thilri a cheu a ngan ning le a sining dang cungah aa hngatmi thil pakhatkhat a luhter i a cheu a luhtermi thil. (v.) A ngan le a hme, a rit, a rit, tbk. tibantuk sining cung ah hram bunh in thil cheukhat thimnak kalning. (Physics ah) Ceunak asiloah a dang ceunak a lakmi asiloah a chung thilri cheukhat a kal khawh lonak ding caah thim in a khammi thil pakhatkhat i a tthen, a tthen, asiloah a tthen.
Formate: Formic acid chiti asiloah esters caah a tlangpi in hmanmi biafang, thau acid phunkhat a si. (Ester cu carbon-based compound a si i, acid cheukhat i hydrogen atom pawl kha organic phun cheukhat in thlennak in sermi a si. Thau le a herhmi chiti tampi cu thau acid hna i a chuakmi ester an si.)
Vawlei cung ah kum nuai tampi chung a rawkmi bacteria, thingram, asiloah saram hna in a chuakmi lungmeihol, petroleum (crude oil), asiloah natural gas tibantuk meihol paohpaoh.
Meihol: A ukmi chemical asiloah nuclear thlennak in thazaang a chuahtertu thilri paohpaoh. Lungmeihol (lungmeihol, thli, le chiti) cu a lin tikah (a tlangpi in a kangh tiang) chemical reaction in thazaang a chuahtermi a tlangpi in hmanmi meihol an si.
Fuel cell: Chemical thazaang kha electric thazaang ah a thlengtu thilri. A tlangpi in hmanmi meihol cu ​​hydrogen a si, a chuakmi thil pakhat lawng a ummi cu ti lum a si.
Geology: Vawlei sining, a thilri, tuanbia le a cung i a cangmi thil sining he aa pehtlaimi thil vialte a langhtermi biafang. Hi rian a ttuanmi hna cu geologist tiah an auh hna.
Vawleipumpi lumnak: Greenhouse effect ruangah vawlei pumpi lumnak a karh thluahmah. Cu thil sining cu thli chung i carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons le a dang gas pawl an karh caah a si, cu hna lakah tampi cu minung cawlcanghnak nih a chuahtermi an si.
Hydrogen: Van le vawlei ah a rit bikmi thilri. Gas bantuk in, rong a ngei lo, rim a ngei lo, cun a kang kho tuk. A nungmi tissue a sertu meihol, thau le chemical tampi ah aa telmi a si. Proton (nucleus) le a velchum ah a ummi electron in a um.
Innovation: (v. to innovation; adj. to innovate) Ruahnak, kalning, thilri pakhatkhat kha a thar deuh, a fim deuh, a ttha deuh, asiloah a hman deuh nakhnga remh asiloah tthanchoter.
Lye: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) cawhmi caah a tlangpi min. Lye cu bar soap sernak caah thingthei chiti asiloah saram thau le thilri dangdang he cawh tawn a si.
Thilri lei mifim: Thilri pakhatkhat i atom le molecule dirhmun le a sining dihlak karlak pehtlaihnak a hlathlaimi hlathlaitu. Thilri lei mifim hna nih thilri thar an ser khawh asiloah a um cangmi thilri pawl kha an hlathlai khawh. Thilri pakhatkhat a sining vialte, a ritmi, a tthawnnak le a lumternak tibantuk hna kha hlathlainak nih engineer le hlathlaitu dang hna kha hmannak thar caah a ttha bikmi thilri thim khawhnak ah a bawmh khawh hna.
Molecule: Chemical compound a tlawm bik a aiawhmi electric lei in a tlarimi atom phu pakhat. Molecule cu atom phunkhat asiloah atom phun dangdang in sermi an si kho. Tahchunhnak ah, thli chung i a ummi oxygen cu oxygen atom pahnih (O2) in sermi a si i, ti cu hydrogen atom pahnih le oxygen atom pakhat (H2O) in sermi a si.
Pollutant: Thli, ti, minung, rawl tibantuk thil pakhatkhat a thurhnawmhtertu thil. Thil thurhnawmhnak cheukhat cu rungrul thahnak sii tibantuk chemical an si. A dang thurhnawmhnak hna cu radiation an si kho, a lin tukmi asiloah ceunak telh chih in. Hramhring le a dang a luhhnawhmi saram phun hna hmanh hi biofouling phunkhat ah ruah khawh an si.
Potent: A ṭhawng tukmi asiloah a ṭhawng tukmi thil (rungrul, sivai, sii, asiloah acid ti bantuk) kha a sawh duhmi adjective.
Renewable: A zungzal in thlen khawhmi thilri (ti, thingram hring, ni ceunak le thli tibantuk) a chim duhmi adjective. Mah cu a tharchuah khawh lomi thilri hna he aa dang, cu thilri hna cu tlawmte lawng an ngei i ttha tein an dih kho. A tharchuah khawh lomi thilri hna ah hin chiti (le a dang thil hlun) asiloah a tlawm deuhmi thilri le lungvar hna an i tel.